Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ) on Lung Volumes in Respiratory System

1 Regarding lung volumes,

      a. Tridal volume is the amount of air that moves in or out of the lungs with each breath
      b. Residual volume is the amount of air in the lungs after a normal expiration
      c. Residual volume is approximately 2 L in a healthy adult
      d. Physiological dead space is the volume of gas not equilibrating with blood
      e. Air inspired with a maximal inspiratory effort after a quite normal expiration is called    inspiratory reserve volume.

2 Regarding lung volumes

a.    Tridal volume in a normal resting adult is approximately 500 ml

b.    Vital capacity is the maximal volume that can be ventilated in a single breath

c.     Residual capacity is the sum of inspiratory volume and the residual volume

d.     Residual volume is the volume of air in the lungs at the end of a normal tidal expiration

e.     Residual volume can be measured by helium dilution technique

3  Physiological dead space

a.     Can be calculated from measurement of tidal volume CO2 content of expired air and alveolar air

b.     Accounts for the difference in composition of alveolar air and expired air

c.      Is increased immediately after exercise

d.     Explains the relative increase in effective alveolar ventilation during shallow breathing

e.      Is greater than the anatomical dead space

4  Functional residual capacity

a.    Can be measured using only a spirometer

b.    Decreased significantly with age

c.     Is less in the supine position than in the standing position

d.     Is about 1 L in health

e.     Equals expiratory reserve volume plus residual volume

5.  Functional residual capacity is

       a.The volume of air in the lungs at the end of a maximal expiration

       b.About 3L in the normal adult

       c. Decreased when standing from the prone position

      d. Increased in emphysematous diseased of the lungs

      e.  Decreased in pregnancy

6.  Functional residual capacity is reduced

     a. when the subject assumes the supine from the upright position

     b. In emphysema

     c. In pulmonary fibrosis

     d. With collapse of one lobe

     e. In pulmonary oedema

7.  Physiological dead space is increased in

    a. Endotracheal intubation

    b. General anaesthesia

    c. Severe hypovolaemia

    d. Pulmonary embolus

    e. Bronchial asthma

8. Physiological dead space is increased under the following conditions

   a.  Alveoli which are perfused with blood but not receiving ventilation

   b.  Rapid shallow breathing

   c. Carbon monoxide breathing

   d. Right to left shunt in the atria

   e.  After tracheostomy

9.  Anatomical dead space is

  a. Approximately 2% of tidal volume

  b.  Increased in ventilation perfusion mismatch

  c.  Decreased with tracheostomy

  d.  Increased during inspiration

  e.  Increased pulmonary embolism

10. Ratio of FEV1 to FVC

  a.  Is a useful way of assessing the severity of restrictive lung disease

  b.  Is increased in obstructive lung disease

  c.  Is decreased in chronic bronchitis

  d.  Can be increased by the inhalation of bronchodilators in asthma

  e. Is probably less than 50% if forced expiratory time is more than 6 s

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